Analysis of Factors Influencing Attrition in It Sector free essay sample

With the economy of India blasting at an unequaled high in spite of the effect of downturn, it is an employee’s showcase. Countless various occupations are being flowed in associations and across ventures, workers set aside little effort to consider and leave for greener fields. In the occasion the representative feels disappointed with his activity content, partners, chief or a general sentiment of uneasiness, bafflement or disillusionment sneaks in him, considering present economic situations he need not reconsider however can undoubtedly throws for good. Yet, clearly it isn't useful for the businesses. Associations spend a significant buck in accepting a representative, starting from the enrollment procedure to his disguise in the association. In the wake of receiving rich rewards in the association regarding learning, development, advancement and benefiting each conceivable open door in that time range he believes he ought to go. The HR division is left in the hanging as how to fill in the hole between the interest and flexibly as far as HR. We will compose a custom exposition test on Examination of Factors Influencing Attrition in It Sector or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Be that as it may, it assists associations with understanding why at all steady loss happens. Why at all at the primary spot did the thought for leaving come in the brain of the representative. Also, on the off chance that at all it came, at that point why the association was not ace dynamic enough to have detected his disappointment. Moreover for what reason was it not well prepared to have prevented him from leaving? The whole cycle is awful. Ordinarily nobody invites change except if it is compelled to be applied. So also when a representative joins the association, he truly has no intension of leaving. Conditions and conditions emerge which make him think towards cutting ties. On the off chance that negative conditions keep on existing, at that point he is affirmed to leave. We as a whole realize individuals do den about cash, not great advantages and offices but rather on the off chance that they are cheerful they remain for that joy. Individuals likewise join associations for their requirement for socialization. At the point when they structure companions at their work stations; they look forward coming to office each morning. Individuals leave in light of weariness and embitterment from everything. They locate no other hermit other than leaving towards elsewhere.

Andy Warhol Essay -- essays research papers

Andy Warhol At no other time have I experienced more captivating show-stoppers than those done by Andy Warhol. I have been interested about his life since the time I saw his work in Milwaukee. I saw his renowned work of the Campbell's Soup Can. By review this, one can tell he isn't your normal craftsman. I'm certain his life is brimming with fascinating occasions that molded him into what his identity was. As a craftsman myself, I might want to become more acquainted with an amazing foundation. I may then have the option to value his styles and get why and how his functions were made. His life is as intriguing as his creative magnum opuses. Andrew Warhola (his unique name) was brought into the world one of three children of Czech foreigners, some place in Pennsylvania on either August 6, 1928 or on September 28, 1930 (the date on his birth testament). His dad passed on when Andy was at a youthful age. Subsequently, it constrained Andy into a profound misery containing absence of self-assurance. Much of his young life has been left well enough alone. Nonetheless, he reported being bashful furthermore, discouraged on the grounds that he never felt alright with his homosexuality. His youth life may have been brimming with the torment that kids tossed at him for being the diverse individual he was. He had the option to go to school. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in pictorial structure from Carnegie Establishment of Technology in 1949, he went to New York City with Philip Pearlstein, who was a kindred understudy that later turned into a notable pragmatist painter. In 1960, Warhol at long last started to paint vigorously and to see workmanship truly as a profession. He started his profession with business drawings of ladies' shoes. In 1961, an early indication was his Dick Tracy, a broadened adaptation of the comic strip that was put in the window of Lord & Taylor's retail establishment. He emulated his own example to prop up in the well known "pop art" track. Warhol's utilization of pictures are so near the pictures themselves, because of the photographic silkscreen strategy, which is a procedure of applying the equivalent picture again and again without changing the first. In 1963, he started transforming film into his next tasteful. He was the recorder of the world around him. Warhol considered this to be as populated by tricksters of different sorts, propelled to a great extent by cash and the products it would purchase. Later that one year from now, he began to explore in underground film. In the late 70's he ... ...Amis 1732). Others considered the to be as an oversimplified record of occasions. "His journals are pretty much just records of who went where and did what with whom, that any other person who'd been along could have kept" (Plagens 1732). It's really awful he didn't begin the journals prior in his life, for example, the 60's, "when it would have been all the more intriguing to know what he did and whom he was with, rather than holding up until 1976 to begin" (Plagens 1732). Some even griped of the altering work done by Pat Hackett. "One issue with the journals is their postmodern clean, for example, the easygoing editing and editing" (Trebay 1732). The explanation the supervisor didn't fit up to standard was the negligible reality she needed it to sound how Andy clarified the day. "...still the book is incredible social history with its lip-smacking stories of cold, sexless relationships, its gimlet-peered toward perspective on others' prosperity, and its widespread unclosetings" (Trebay 1732). I, myself, found the book very engaging and an extraordinary unconcerned gander at the well known and their regular day to day existences. It might have been sorted out better and dense a piece, yet none-the-less it was as yet fascinating and kept me perusing.

Danger Danger!

Danger Danger! MIT, being at the forefront of a lot of things, is a very neat place to be. Its also a really dangerous place to be. No, no, dont freak out, its not THAT dangerous. Its just, well, it has some neat signs. Every once in a while you walk by a door with a sign on it and you wonder What could possible be in that room?! Some are pretty easy to figure out, others arent. For instance, and Its pretty safe to say that there is high voltage on the other sides of those signs, right? That probably means you shouldnt open those doors. But, in case youre a little thick, they also have another type of sign for high voltages: If you open this door you will likely receive a shock to the palm of your hand (which, thanks to a guy named Ohm, means youll die). Your best bet is to stay out of this room. Another sign Ive seen around is this one. Mmmmmmmmmm, you can practically smell the radiation. I think what really drives it home, however, are the colors of the sign. When yellow and red are on the same sign, together, you can bet that theres some serious stuff going down behind that sign. 20 feet, just 20 feet, away from the radioactive sign is this sign Whats a class 3b laser? Its a laser that turns a game of laser tag into a game of AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!!!!!! MY [insert name of body part that now has a hole burned in it]!!!!! Another 20 feet down the hall you run into one of these Im not an expert on Nitrogen, but Im pretty convinced that that container is storing compressed gas. Ive always been a little paranoid about compressed air, I always manage to see them as bombs. One wrong move and BOOM, you get pwnd in the face by Nitrogen. Surviving an explosion can often make for a good story, especially if it involves C4 or fertilizer, but you just cant brag about surviving a blast of air to the face. Nitrogen containers, theyre just not worth it! Dont think for a second that MIT doesnt put safety first. Scattered all around campus are little yellow boxes like this There are our favorite colors again, red and yellow. As useful as that button seems to be, Im not sure how much it could actually do for me if I just got lasered, radiated, electrocuted, and Nitrogen-ed. The Danger icing on the cake, however, is a little shed sitting outside the infinite corridor. It looks quite innocent, just sitting there in a parking lot, but looks can be deceiving. Have you ever seen this thing before? Its called the NFPA 704. Its used to indicate danger levels of various areas. The three colors indicate: Blue Health Red Flammability Yellow Instability/Reactivity A number is present in each color. A zero indicates that there is no hazard in that category. A four indicates the highest possible threat. The white area is home to various other warnings and cautions, including W reacts with Water in an unusual or dangerous manner (e.g. cesium, sodium) OX or OXY Oxidizer (e.g. potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate) COR Corrosive; strong acid or base (e.g. sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide) BIO Biological hazard (e.g. smallpox virus) POI Poisonous (e.g. Spider Venom) The Radioactive trefoil () is radioactive (e.g. plutonium, uranium) CRY or CRYO Cryogenic Whats on the door of this shed? *Assume the fetal position, insert thumb in mouth, and sob quietly* Completely ignoring the Hazardous Waste Storage Area sign, you are left with the NFPA 704. Heres a quick translation of what this one means: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures Reacts with Water in an unusual or dangerous manner Oxidizer Corrosive; strong acid or base Nobody that Ive talked to can figure out what might be in there. The closest weve got is a Dragon made of sodium with a bucket of nitroglycerin. Any guesses? My last sign, the most dangerous of all of them, is the one that gets posted in the 38-600 lab as a warning for the cleaning staff. They really shouldnt go into places they dont belong, it can be unsafe. Do you have any idea how many ohms that is?! Its insane! My words of advice? If the door has a sign on it that even partially resembles any of the signs Ive shown you, dont open it. You may get pwnd. Nobody likes getting pwnd.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology/Interpersonal...

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology Tammy J. Little Axia Western International University Online ADJ/360: Interpersonal Communication in Criminal Justice Hiram Porter July 2, 2006 Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology With the increase of violent crimes come the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology in law enforcement. Law enforcement employs the use of stun guns and is equip with car video surveillance. We will examine some of the issues that contain some validity to arguments for the continue use of these tools within law enforcement. Stun Guns Stun guns were implemented in law enforcement in the 1980 s for the purpose of minimizing the use of firearms. There are valid arguments for both sides of†¦show more content†¦Legally speaking the use of video equipment provides an unequivocal representation of facts. Videos give clear, concise and unadulterated picture of events as they unfold. The old saying that a picture is worth a thousand words is just as valid today as well the saying was originated. When utilize in a court of law where a jury is present a video can give a second-by second detail of an event and will leave very little room for doubt on any part (either the offender or the law enforcement officer). In one case during a driving violation stop, Deputy Harvey Smitherman after originally arresting the driver of the vehicle, while waiting on the tow truck viewed the videotape and discovered that he in fact arrested the wrong person. The videotape revealed that a passenger had gotten out of the ve hicle just to toss a glass container held a paper towel stuffed over four white rock-like substances. After observing the video and realizing that he had detained the wrong offender. He immediately released the driver and proceeded to arrest the passenger and the passenger was charged with the possession of controlled substance. (Patrol Car Video Prevents Erroneous Arrest, 2006) As in the case, the video aided the law enforcement officer to right a wrong. After reviewing the video it was very apparent that it gave a clear and concise picture of the actual events as it wasShow MoreRelatedTechnology and Communication in Criminal Justice990 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: Tech/Comm. In Criminal Justice Technology and Communication in Today’s Criminal Justice System Shante Needham University of Phoenix Online CJA / 363 Interpersonal Communication Professor Stewart Stanfield February 8, 2010 Law enforcement and the criminal justice system depend upon technology to carry out their many demands. 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For example, you can make a friend from Timbuktu and on the flip side your account can get hacked and you can find yourself in a big mess. A recent research revealed that teenagers tend to hide the real stuff by using code language you may never understandRead MoreHuman Resources Management Essay6194 Words   |  25 Pagesobjectives, and legal requirements, oversees practices that balance employer needs with employee rights and needs, has core knowledge of the organization’s international HR activities Chapter 2 â€Å"Strategic HR Management and Planning† 1. Discuss how technology has changed jobs in an organization where you have worked. What are some HR responses to those changes? 2. What steps can HR professionals take to ensure that mergers and acquisitions are successful? How can HR help during the integration processRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesrecruitment and selection) †¢ Human resource development †¢ Compensation and benefits †¢ Safety and health †¢ Employee and labor relations †¢ Records maintaining, etc. †¢ HR research (providing a HR information base, designing and implementing employee communication system). †¢ Interrelationship of HR functions. A. What is human resource management? As we said that HRM is the management of people working in an organization, it is a subject related to human. For simplicity, we can say that it is the management

What You Should Do to Find Out About Essay Topics in Xat Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Essay Topics in Xat Before You're Left Behind To get essay online, you simply will need to fill in the application form and you'll get excellent work on the desired topic. In summary, the service exists, so should you want to use it in order to find a top essay, that's reason enough. You can depend on the very best essay help online. At the same time, there's not any reason to write for the reader who knows less mathematics than you want to do. There are lots of misunderstandings and non-factual opinions that come along with this topic though it is continually discussed. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. In your very first paragraph, give the examiner a neutral idea about what you are attempting to accomplish by means of this essay. If you're referring to a quote in your essay, make certain you attribute it correctly with suitable quotation marks. A last word Always bear in mind that a great essay is one which communicates your ideas with complete clarity and lucidity. This table provides you with the XAT essay topics over past ten decades. There are some basic guidelines to follow to be able to be in a position to compose a decent persuasive essay. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. Employing a writing service is the perfect approach to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to guarantee the essays you write are hitting all the critical points and are at the appropriate depth necessary for your academic grade. There are lots of essay writing services that think they're the very best, and thus don't be cheated and check the legitimate list of the very best. It is crucial to decide on the proper books for appropriate preparation. Hence, you should receive a great practice through them. In the instance of direct admissions, students want to follow along with institute specific selection procedure and qualify it to proceed for an MBA program. XAT 2020 Preparation Plan is of extreme value in order to acquire admission in prestigious XLRI. Part II is going to be considered once you're shortlisted on the grounds of your percentile. Appearing for XAT Exam is somewhat different from many other management exams. There's huge competition for XAT Exam and also it's thought to be the absolute most difficult Management Entrance Exam. Best Books to get ready for the Exam. Short and crisp sentences are somewhat more desirable from the standpoint of your audience. Words are merely placeholders. Don't forget, it's not only the words which you use, but what's more, how you use them. Develop your word vocabulary by pledging to learn a minumum of one new word each day. Management is the Key In the post, it's the attitude which matters a good deal. The majority of the questions from using this section required a sound understanding of the topic. You are going to have statement and the way you need to express your views on it. Following topics have to be included in the list of important topics to be ready for this section. Essay Topics in Xat Explained XAT 2013 Corruption is the main cause of financial slowdown in India. OR Government isn't able to implement the policies properly due to the immense magnitude of poverty. It is not able to implement the policies properly due to the huge magnitude of poverty. XAT 2012 Government is not addressing the main cause of poverty. So all of the XAT aspirants, be well prepared to compose an essay on the advantages and disadvantages of GST implementation in Indian economy. In addition, it has become possible to promote the native products, culture and make it even more prominent whilst competing with cultures and practices of other nations. GST regime that was planned to raise the pace of financial growth is at present roadblocks to different stakeholders. All About Essay Topics in Xat To make content for good reading, it's important that the writing is interesting throughout. 1996 There isn't any perfect method of doing a wrong thing. In order to get ready for XAT, you must read a good deal. XAT 1996 There is no correct method of doing a wrong thing.

The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd Free Essays

The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd. Previously it had been in the business of selling computer hardware. Currently it has been developing business applications software in the field of human resource management. We will write a custom essay sample on The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are three areas in the company where cost control has become a concern. One is the shared usage of the printer. Another is the shared usage of the stationary. The third area of concern is the shared usage of company transportation. In the company income statements, all three cost categories are classified as overhead and deducted from revenue lump sum. However recently the company has been experiencing increasing costs in all three areas and therefore the management has decided to investigate. The investigation could be simplified if the management were to use activity based costing. In trying to identify which operational processes are responsible for increasing costs, it is useful to look at the different departmental processes. At Microcel, there are six departments: system design, programming, testing, multimedia development and graphics design, marketing and sales, administration. The company is using two network printers and all six departments are sharing those printers. Printing costs have been rising in the last 1 year. Therefore the management has to find out if there is any one particular department which is responsible for increasing costs. Once that department has been identified, necessary cost controls could be initiated. In apportioning costs of the printers to each of the departments, it is necessary to apply activity based costing. In this case the resource is the printer. The resource driver could be the amount of ink used by the department in a particular time period which could be one month. The activity could be the printing while the activity driver would be the number of pages printed. The cost object in this illustration is each of the six departments. Therefore, if the printers run out of ink twice a month, then the cartridges have to be changed 24 times in a year. Activity based costing would enable the management the assign total yearly costs of changing cartridges to each of the departments as below. Assuming that it takes $29 to change one cartridge, the total cost of changing cartridges in a year is $696. The next phase of the calculations is to determine how many pages have been printed in a year and of that total number of pages, how many were printed by each of the departments. If there were a total of 7200 pages printed in a year and of those 7200 pages, 1200 were printed by the programming department, then this department has incurred the yearly printing cost of $116 (($696/7200)*1200). In this manner, the remaining portions of the $696 dollars could be assigned to each of the departments and the department which has been experiencing rising costs could be identified. Costs in shared stationary have also been rising. Under the heading of stationary, many items are included. The principal items are printing paper, pens, pencils and markers. There are six departments which are using these categories of stationary. Depending on the level of detail required in the investigation, activity based costing could be applied to each category of stationary as applicable to each department or, if that level of detail is not required, activity based costing could be applied to the stationary category as a whole as applicable to each department. Assuming that activity based costing is applied to the category of stationary as a whole as applicable to each department, Then stationary as a whole would be regarded as the resource. Resource drivers would be the pens, pencils, markers and printing paper. Activities may be the number of requisitions for stationary submitted by the departments. Activity drivers would be the number of requisitions submitted in the given time period. The cost object is each of the departments. For illustration purposes, the programming department consumes four pens, four pencils, four markers and hundred pages of printing paper in each month. Assuming prices of pens, pencils, markers and printing paper to be $1, $.5, $1.2 and $.01 respectively, cost of stationary applicable to the programming department is $110.8 in each month. In a year, the total cost comes to $1329.6. If the total cost of all stationary purchased in a year is $10000 then the programming department accounts for 13% of that cost. Therefore if the total cost of processing requisitions from all six departments in a year is $8000, then the amount of costs to be assigned to the programming department is $1040 (8000*13%). In the case of transportation expenses, the resource would be the company car. Resource driver would be the amount of gasoline expended on the car. Activities would be requisitions for refueling and the activity driver the number of requisitions submitted. If the programming department has spent $1000 in a year in gasoline expenses and the total amount expended for all departments is $8000, then the programming department is responsible for 12% of the cost. If the total cost of processing transportation requisitions is $10000 in a year, the cost to be assigned to the programming department is 12% of $10000 = $1200. The three illustrations above demonstrate how activity based costing could be applied to Microcel. References Atkinson, Anthony A., et al. (2006). Management Accounting. McGraw Hill/Irwin. Horngren, Charles T., et al. (2006). Introduction to Management Accounting. Prentice Hall. Hansen, Don R., et al. (2007). Cost Management: Accounting Control. Prentice Hall. How to cite The name of the organization is Microcel Ltd, Papers

Queen Margot Review Essay Example

Queen Margot Review Paper Essay on Queen Margot Frankly, I picked up a book called this way Queen Margot with a grain of salt. With the rejection treated to all kinds of historical novels, explaining that their detachment from real life. Perhaps affected by the impression of the lessons of history, which hosted kings and queens, kings and queens with their truly vicious attitudes, delishkamii dirty and too arrogant pride. However, Alexandre Dumas absolutely reassured me in my opinion. Awesome language of the author. There is a contrast theme works and expressions of the plan. It is so easy to read, so fascinated and addictive, and blows of the rock of France of the 16th century, that I want in this way to teach children history of the world. Dumas gives the reader the opportunity to become aware of the fact that even the crowned heads were primarily men. Pleasing and genuinely laugh antics of young lovers, absurd situations, in that fall, and kings and queens, which once again demonstrates the absolutely terrestrial life Louvre inhabitants ( Charles, the most ardent of osadzhdavshih, struck in the shoulder a silver pitcher, the duke of Anjou fell basin with a compote of oranges slices and peel, in the Duke of Guise was a boars ham. ) We will write a custom essay sample on Queen Margot Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Queen Margot Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Queen Margot Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But sometimes they have to face such problems that are familiar only to the rulers and policy-related. . Here and Catherine de Medici with its ever-insidious plan to poison unwanted, and envy-kings brothers and hatred Of course, the climax of the novel, the execution of two gentlemen La Mole, the beloved Queen Margaret, and Kokonnasa whose ladylove was Princess Neverskaya. The fact of the execution itself is frightening, but the execution of these characters bring to tears Dumas affects the novel theme of fate, destiny.; the circumstances of the death of King Charles the Ninth forced to shudder from the inevitability of retribution from the avenging hand of God. The novel deserves to be read and loved. And my delight once again confirms a simple truth: Classical is eternal .

National Health Service Reorganization Essay Example

National Health Service Reorganization Essay Example National Health Service Reorganization Paper National Health Service Reorganization Paper This paper is concerned with the major changes, which have taken place in the National Health Service (NHS) following the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. Any UK government is faced with a long list of health issues, this list would include macro questions such as the relationship of the National Health Service (NHS) to broader policies which might affect the health of the population and how to finance and staff health services. The NHS has gone through many stages of development in the last century, however the 1990 act introduced the most radical accounting control system since the birth of the NHS. Much accounting research has been developed on this topic and this paper will bring together some of their findings. By the late 1980’s general management in the NHS was in full force, and expectations of ‘management discipline’ were high, however there were a series of recurrent crisis. These crises were particularly evident in the hospital services and were caused by a combination of scarcity of compatible resources and an infinite demand for health care. Through a fundamental view of operations in 1989, two reviews were drawn up by the department of health, ‘working for patients’ and ‘caring for people’ (DoH, 1989a, 1989b), and these formed the basis of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. The main focus of the impact was the concept of the internal market. This essentially involved the separation of two of the main functions of the NHS, purchasing and providing. Purchasing is defined as the buying of health services to satisfy local needs and providing, is defined as the day to day business of delivering that care. The purchasing agencies are provided with a budget which reflects their defined population, from which they must identify health needs, plan ways to satisfy them while ensuring the quality of the service. When the purchaser identifies their requirements, they produce a contract with the providers, who in turn invoice the purchaser for the materials and services provided. This illustrates the ‘Quasi-market’ in operation, a Quasi-market being a market which seems to exist but doesn’t really. Flynn (1993) described the internal markets in the NHS as a mechanism to match supply with demand, and allow hospitals to compete on price and quality to attract patients. This new ideology of governance of the NHS has changed dramatically, especially through the Thatcher administration. Harrison (1997) describes how there are three ways of co-ordinating the activities of a multiplicity organisation, through markets, clans and hierarchies. Clans and hierarchies are based on using the process of co-operation to produce an ordered system of outcomes. The historic NHS was built very much around them; a combination of bureaucracy and professional culture; labelled as ‘professional bureaucracy’ by Pugh and Hichson (1976). The new NHS is now reflected as having a market orientated organisation. The reformed NHS was established on 1st April 1991. On that day the internal market became operational, it’s main features were, that there is a fixed level of ‘demand’ whose total is determined by NHS funding, trading takes place among a large number of buyers and sellers, and there is competition among suppliers. In this market it should be expected that managers respond with price, quality and branding as weapons of competitive behaviour (Flynn 1993). Llewellyn (1993) described the introduction of an ‘internal’ or ‘Quasi-market’ in health and social care, as a reaction to and was practically enabled, by an expanding population. Her research that looked at two factors, which forced reform in the NHS, demographic trends and technological advancement. The first factor focused on the growing problem facing nation states in the developed world is that of an ageing population and hence a greater dependence on the NHS in future years. Between 1961 and 1990 the percentage of the UK population over sixty five increased by one third and the numbers aged eighty five and over, more than doubled (Population Trends 1992). The second factor looked at the advancing technology of medical care across the developed world, which offered a new range of medical services and techniques. These advances however caused a problematic escalation in the supply and demand for medical treatment, and therefore total cost of that treatment to the purchaser. The basic rationale of her paper, was how the introduction of a market into health care causes an anticipated stimulus to competition and hence constant improvement in resource allocation and cost management. Hood (1994) identified two aims of the government in office as regard to the public sector, first the desire to lessen or eliminate differences between modes of private and public sector organisation. Secondly, the intention of exerting more control over the actions of public sector professionals. However, to discuss the first aim it is important to realise that there is a fundamental difference between developing a customer orientation in the private sector and a user orientation system in the public services (Flynn 1993). Private sector problems tend to be in efforts to market their products or services to the consumer, usually in competition with other firms. Whereas, public sector problems tend to be trying to deter too many people using their services, as opposed to attracting them. Therefore, this produces a fundamental problem in the trying to eliminate these aspects. Several issues caused the government desire not only to control, but also to make resource usage more efficient. Firstly the deepening public sector problems had to be addressed, and the adoption of more accountable systems seemed a perfect solution. There was also the desire not only to be able to control but also reduce public expenditure. Finally, political promises were made to reduce the share of public expenditure in National Income, to curtail the range of functions being performed by government, whilst also seeking to improve, nurture and stimulate the business attitudes and practices necessary to re-launch Britain as a successful capitalist economy, this was a conservative attitude. The government therefore promoted the view that accountable management reforms are needed for the public sector to be more accountable to those who receive, pay for or monitor public services; to provide services in a more effective, efficient and publicly responsible fashion (Humphrey 1991). The emergence of an internal market for health services inevitably resulted in the emergence of various accounting techniques, their purpose was to act as a stimulus to ensure efficient allocation of resources and to minimise costs. The increasing competition derived from this market created a need for management control systems. Hood (1994) categorised international accountable management as having up to seven dimensions, for government implementation of a system in the public sector. First, that it sought a greater disaggregation of public sector organisations, secondly, it would be searching for a stronger competitive use of private sector management techniques. Thirdly, a heavier emphasis on efficiency of resource usage, fourthly, reforms in accountability management. Fifthly a clearer specification of input/output relationships, sixthly, a greater use of measurable performance standards and targets, and finally, the use of ‘hands on’ management of staff in control. These categories relate to Hood’s (1994) two aims, discussed previously, with the first three dimensions relating to his first aim of eliminating differences of public and private sector organisations. The four are geared towards the second aim of control. Hood’s research was based on a comparative study of cross-national experience of accountable management reforms. Arguably the views on the adoption of management control systems in the public sector depends on our position in society. As our society is more focused on markets, competitiveness and efficiency, it is likely that accounting techniques will play an important role, however, the importance of keeping the welfare of our society should be first and foremost. After all the goals of public sector organisations should differ from those in the private sector (e. g. they should not be profit maximisers). The objective of the NHS as an organisation remains unchanged since the reforms, in terms of securing an improvement in the state of the health of the population. However, it is now faced with the dilemma, that the means of achieving this greater improvement has been surfaced with financial considerations (Mellett 1998). One of the consequences of the reforms carried out on the NHS, after the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, is that at the level of health care delivery, it has been fragmented into over 500 separate trusts. Each of these trusts is a clearly defined autonomous unit which has an obligation to monitor performance in terms of both finance and patient care activity (Clatworthy et al 1997). This was the governments preferred mode of organisation and it becomes universal along with the associated accounting regime (Mellet 1998). Mellett (1998), looked at how the revised accounting system operated within trusts, and found that their procedures included a system of capital accounting; it’s objective was to increase the awareness of health service managers of the cost of capital and the incentive to use that capital efficiently. However, introducing a new control system into an organisation, and also the fact the management team are unlikely to have experience in it’s application, could lead to several implementing problems and introduce another element of risk. Preston et al (1992) emphasis, that when a new accounting method is introduced, it is naive to assume that by simply assembling the components of a system, that the desired or officially intended outcome will be achieved. Since 1979 the UK government has tended to favour private sector management styles and culture (Flynn 1992), although there has been many debates about the different contrasts between the adaptable, dynamic, entrepreneurial private sector management styles and the bureaucratic, cautious, inflexible, rule bound public sector management. Could this be due to the strain on public sector managers, who work on a tight budget, and also that scope for reward in expanding the organisation is limited. So can we compare managers in the public sector with those in the private sector, for example accountability structures make managers jobs different from those of the private services. A public service manager for example, could be instructed to keep a hospital open, while the regional authorities may have different ideas and wish the hospital to close. This dubious accountability has no resemblance to the private sector, where managers are ultimately accountable to shareholders (Flynn 1992). An important part of managerial work in the public sector involves managing the relationship between the organisation and the political process. Therefore, the government is faced a health policy dilemma; how to reconcile increasingly flexible NHS management and greater freedom to become competitive, with requirements for manageability of the NHS, for public accountability, and for political management (Sheaff et al 1997). The government then introduced a process to set about placing former private sector directors, into director positions of NHS trusts. Therefore directly introducing private sector experience into public sector management. However, Sheaff et al (1997) research, found that board members of trusts, with a predominant NHS background were likely to be less conservative, more flexible and less risk adverse than those with a non-NHS background. This highlights the emphasis put on different management styles associated with the public and private sector, and puts into doubt these classifications when developing the ‘strategy of managerialism’ for the NHS. The new era of the NHS has left managers of trusts faced with a new dilemma, they are now accountable to producing two sets of information, finance activity and patient care activity. Clatworthy (1993) identified three users of this information, the electorate, the consumers of the public service and central government politicians. All these groups will have an interest in the NHS, but their concerns are likely to focus on different aspects of this information. This gives the managers the task of balancing two incompatible goals. As part of the NHS, trusts are charged with the intangible task of improving the state of the nations health, while also having to remain financially viable (Clatworthy 1993). Jackson (1985) perceives that by their very nature, performance indicators motivate individuals and cause them to modify their behaviour in order to meet the targets set. Could this give rise to anxieties of how managers could react to potentially bad results? Published performance indicators issued cover aspects such as percentage of patients seen by a hospital within 13 weeks. Looking at this as an example; this indicator could be enhanced by treating as a priority those that have been waiting longest, but these patients may not be those, whose health status would benefit most from treatment (Clatworthy 1993). It could be argued that in the pursuit of a goal, managers lower the possible increase in overall welfare. These performance indicators, both financial and patient care are produced in an annual report, although superficially similar to it’s private sector counterpart it is not addressed to an audience which can exercise control. Unlike a private sector shareholders meeting, the directors of the public sector trust cannot be removed from their position by a voting process, so it’s existence can be perceived as not a tool of control. This paper has analysed the introduction of the new reforms taken place in the NHS in the early nineties. The reasons for change were identified as being the change in the demographic structure of the UK population and the increased emphasis of technological advancement in medical health care, and their effect on the financial burden of the health service to the government. Changes brought about were to increase cost effectiveness and encourage efficient use of the scarce resources available to the NHS. Due to the competitive nature of the internal market, many management control techniques have been implemented to aid managers of designated hospital trusts to meet their budget targets. Due to the complexity of these systems, many trusts have had previously private sector managers, appointed as directors in charge of managing the budget. Many fears have been raised that these budget constraints and the introduction of performance indicators will have a detrimental effect on the health service’s ultimate aim, to improve the overall state of the nation’s health. It seems that managers are stuck in a conflict of interests, of whether to keep financial control of the trust, by cutting back in the overall service offered to the public. Finally it can be the said that the government’s main aim was to create a private sector organisation in the public sector, Mellett (1998) neatly describes with reference to the trusts; ‘Although private sector accounting techniques and controls based on them have been introduced at the level of the trust as an entity, their relevance must be placed in the context of the fact that the NHS is in the public sector. Which means that it still subject to requirement to operate within an annual cash limit set as part of the public expenditure policy survey. ’ REFERENCES Clatworthy, M. Mellett, H. (1997) Managing health and finance: Conflict or Congruence? Public Money and Management Oct-Dec pp 41-46 Farnham, D. Horton, S. (1995) Managing the new public services (3rd edn) (Macmillan Press Ltd) Flynn, N. (1993), Public Sector Management (2nd edn) (Harvestor Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead) Harrison, S. (1997) Health – The agenda for an incoming government, Public Money and Management Apr-Jun pp 27-31 Hood, C. (1994) ‘The new public management in the 1980’s, Accounting, Organisations and Society. Humphrey, C. (1991) Accountable management in the public sector in chap 9 in issues in management accounting ed. Dashton, T Hopper RW Scapens, Prentice Hall 1991. Llewellyn, S. (1993) Linking costs with quality in health and social care: new challenge for management accounting, Financial Accountability and Management, Vol 9 No 3, Aug 1993 Preston, AM. Cooper, DJ. Coombs, RW (1992) ‘Fabricating budgets: A study of the production of management budgeting in the NHS’, Accounting, Organisations and Society Vol 17, No 6 pp 561-93 Sheaff, R. West, M. (1997) Marketization, managers and moral strain: Chairman, Directors and public service ethos in the National Health Service, Public Administration Vol. 75 Summer 1997 pp 189-206

Job apps that will make your work search easier

Job apps that will make your work search easier â€Å"Simple† and â€Å"painless† are two words that are rarely associated with a job search. Usually, the descriptions job seekers use to describe the process are more along the lines of the â€Å"repetitive,† â€Å"confusing,† and â€Å"bang-my-head-on-the-desk† variety. Luckily for all of us, technology is changing all that. There is now a bevy of hiring job apps, Chrome extensions, and other tools that can take some of the sting out of looking for a new gig. We’ve rounded up five of the best job apps and tools for those on the hunt for a new job. These tools will help you manage the work of looking for work.ContactOutDuring the job search, follow up is key to getting a job. But since most job posts don’t contain the name of the hiring manager, it can be a difficult task.For finding email addresses, ContactOut  a great Chrome extension for email collection and a powerful tool for job seekers who are looking to connect directly wit h recruiters and hiring managers. Just find the LinkedIn profile of the person you want to email or call, and ContactOut scours the web for personal emails and telephone numbers, making it easier than ever to follow up on your dream job. Users get 50 free credits per day.JobScanIf an online job search were a bar, the applicant tracking system (ATS) would be the bouncer. With companies often receiving hundreds of applications for a single job opening, an ATS is the first line of screening for almost every online application. And, like a password whispered into a bouncer’s ear for entry into an exclusive hotspot, the key to getting past an ATS is having the right keywords on your resume. But how does the average job seeker know the right resume keywords to use?Enter JobScan, which optimizes your resume to boost your success with getting it past the ATS and onto the desk of a human recruiter. Just paste your resume and an interesting job ad into fields on the website and JobScan will analyze the two and make suggestions for how to improve your keyword match in the ATS. A separate service will do the same for your LinkedIn profile if you plan to apply through LinkedIn.LiveCareer ApplyIf the repetition of your job search is killing your optimism, we have the tool for you. It doesn’t take long once you’ve started looking for a new job to realize that it is a pretty tedious process. Fill out an online application. Attach your resume and cover letter. Hit send. Repeat.To reduce the monotony, LiveCareer has created a tool that makes filling out online applications fast and error-free. The LiveCareer Apply tool helps you autofill job applications  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ input your information once and the tool will populate applications for you. It increases your efficiency, reduces the possibility of typos or other manual data entry errors in your online forms, and works on all of the top job boards. Even better? The Chrome extension is free! Download it and start applying today!LinkedInThis mention on a list of great job apps might elicit a collective â€Å"DUH!† from active job seekers, but LinkedIn remains one of the most useful hiring apps out there. Whether you are using the app on your phone or perusing the site on your desktop computer, LinkedIn provides job seekers with the visibility they need during an online job search.Downloading LinkedIn onto your phone puts a powerful job app at your fingers tips for use anywhere. Apply for jobs on the bus, share trending industry news while watching television, or respond to messages from hiring managers in the park. Features like Easy Apply (which allows you to apply to jobs directly from your device without attaching your resume) make this one of the best job apps out there, no matter where you are, and no matter when you are using it.LinkUpOnline job boards are great, but every job seeker has experienced the frustration of spending time personalizing a resume and writing a cover letter, only to find they’ve been duped by a duplicate or outdated listing.LinkUp indexes 50,000 employer job boards daily to ensure only the most up-to-date job ads appear in your job search, making this one of the must-have job apps for serious job seekers. Users can save jobs, archive applications and search histories, and sign up for job alerts, which makes it much easier to keep track of what you’ve already viewed on the site’s two million jobs.Unlike other job apps, the company promises that all of the opportunities are verified, which means no applying to spammy jobs again. The LinkUp job app is available for free on desktop,  iOS, and  Android.With these five apps and extensions at your disposal, you’re that much closer to finding your dream job!About the Author:LiveCareer offers assistance to job seekers at every step of the journey. Access free  resume templates  and  resume examples, plus a  cover letter builder  and advice on ho w to answer  interview questions  of all stripes.

Leadership and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Leadership and Change - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  strong and effective leadership is the vital aspect of HRM required to manage the recent changes. Defining what makes a great leader is not a simple task. Leadership is an exceptionally complex phenomenon: the recent explosion of scholarly literature covering various aspects of leading and managing people is one logical outcome of this complexity. Despite huge amount of books and articles dedicated to the issue, there is still a great deal of ambiguity surrounding the true meaning of effective leadership in contemporary organizational environment.This study stresses that  absence of agreement between the scholars is partially due to different methods utilised to explore the phenomenon. partially due to varied purposes of defining leadership. and partially due to the variations in theoretical approaches. There are several major approaches in leadership studies: leadership as the focus of group processes, as personality attribute, as the art o f inducing compliance, as an exercise of influence, as a particular kind of act or behaviour, as a form of persuasion, as a power relationship, as an instrument of goal achievement, as an emerging effect of group interaction (`leadership exists when it is acknowledged or conferred by other members of the group), as a differentiated role, as the initiation or maintenance of role structure, or as some combination of all these approaches.  ... Despite huge amount of books and articles dedicated to the issue, there is still a great deal of ambiguity surrounding the true meaning of effective leadership in contemporary organizational environment. In psychology the phenomenon of leadership has traditionally been associated with in-group dynamics of social interactions. In any group, regardless of its size, members differ in their degree of social influence over one another: ... the person who exerts the most influence on the rest of the group thus affecting group beliefs and behaviour is usually addressed as leader'' (Hollander, 1985: 14). Although this definition of leadership allows the reader to grasp the essence of leadership, it is only one of the numerous of definitions that have been proposed in the existing literature (Northhouse, 2004). Absence of agreement between the scholars is partially due to different methods utilised to explore the phenomenon. partially due to varied purposes of defining leadership. and partially due to the variations in theoretical approaches. There are several major approaches in leadership studies: leadership as the focus of group processes, as personality attribute, as the art of inducing c ompliance, as an exercise of influence, as a particular kind of act or behaviour, as a form of persuasion, as a power relationship, as an instrument of goal achievement, as an emerging effect of group interaction (leadership exists when it is acknowledged or conferred by other members of the group), as a differentiated role, as the initiation or maintenance of role structure, or as some combination of all these approaches (Bass, 1990: 6-10). These various approaches may be a way of

Cause of drug abuse Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cause of drug abuse - Term Paper Example Additionally, it is possible to treat drug addiction and enable individuals to go back to their normal lives. Drug addiction can be described as a chronic disease that causes obsessive behavior in spite of the negative consequences to the individual and those around them. It leads to changes in the structure and functioning of the brain (Allen 67). It is clear that most individuals indulge in drug abuse voluntarily at first and overtime their self control is affected negatively influencing their lifestyle. The main causes of drug abuse are curiosity, peer pressure, genetics and family history and depression. There is a common saying that states that curiosity killed the cat. Well, this is the case for the cases of drug abuse and curiosity (Lowinson 48). Most individuals have probably heard about the influence of drugs and think that drugs can be so much fun and make individuals act differently. They may have seen how their friends or family members behave while under the influence of drugs and may want to experience how it feels. Furthermore, most movies and TV shows are based on themes surrounding drug abuse and depict it as being cool. This attracts a higher number of individuals that abuse drugs (Castillo 48). It is simply normal for people to try out drugs because they hear about them from various avenues and are curious about them. Peer pressure is among the leading causes of drug abuse in the contemporary society (Lowinson 48). This is especially true for young people who do it to feel cool, fit in and impress their friends. For example, if ones’ friends smoke marijuana or are alcoholics, they will probably be expected to take part in similar behavior. This urge to do what one’s friends are doing is commonly referred to as peer pressure and has a strong influence on teenagers who are so desperate to fit in that they would be willing to do anything to impress their friends. This kind of influence is dangerous for hard drugs

Partnership between BP and Marks and Spencer

Partnership between BP and Marks and Spencer The Change is Pervasive power in the innovative modern Market. Here changes are welcomed by the managers to the betterment of the organisation. In order to implement the changes there must be some policies, procedures, work processes and activities need to be under taken .i.e. higher degree to HSSE, Environmental safety, Customer Loyalty and range reviews. The above must be implemented accordingly to full fill external pressure, as well as to meet customer expectations. An on time completion is highly adequate for an organisation to overcome competitions and to disregard fierce in general competition in the market. When we talk about competitions, this can be defined in an academic term that Battle which will target the Organisation in various angles such as traditional competitors and innovative new entrances. Therefore competition is intensified. Also the traditional barriers (Language, Distance, Travelling) has been learned and fixed, however the new challenges are in place to stu dy and over come with a better solution. The main area of focus is to face new entrance who introduces the new innovative tactics to capture the market is still fearful challenge. Reference to the World is a 2Global Village are more and more frequent. This has led organisations to adopt strategies which did not exist traditionally, notably in retail industry. Internally, financial constrains, the requirement to offer best service by value their money, mergers and acquisitions, and empowered teams all affect organisations ability to compete in the market place. There are two main approaches to change, first Prescriptive Strategy planned where an organisation moves from one fixed shape to another and second, emergent a more recent view where change is continues and open ended. An appropriate method of managing organisational change must be found for effective strategy. A carefully planned and thought through strategy can manage change effectively to the organisational success. In this Research Author will be able to highlight what is the method of Strategy has implemented in the case of organisational changes. The change in question is the Partnership of Bp and Marks Spencer. 2. Literature Review Many organisations around the world are in a competitive race which gets difficult every year, with bigger, better and more innovative competitors. In addition the rules of the game are changing with the emergence of new approaches, technology and globalisation. Competitors who have been in other markets suddenly enter the market with new technology, strength, and new approaches, sometimes becoming market leaders. Competitive advantage is at the heart of a firms performance in competitive markets (Porter 2004). Also the Author has selected nearly six Journals to support his research plan further down in to the correct direction. These Journal are talking about various dimensions and directions to consider when creating and managing changes on strategic direction. 1. Balkcom, John E., Christopher D. Ittner and David F. Larcker. Strategic performance Measurement: Lesson learned and further direction. Journal of Strategic Performance Measurement 1, no.2 Performance measurement system have played a key role in developing strategic plan, achieving strategic objectives and motivating managers. From future research managers found that the past measures were not full fill the needs. This is where the invention of new way of performance measurement system should be implemented via formulating a new strategy to the growth of the organisation. 2. Boar, Bernard H. The role of commitment in information technology strategy. Journal of Strategic Performance Measurement 1, no 6(December 1997) : 5-13 A successful IT Strategy requires the ability to constantly refresh the technology and shift direction when adequate. Also a strong commitment to the strategy from employee and to get that strong commitment a well thought out and proactive commitment strategy is needed. Also the following three main commitment is highly required. I. Intellectual Commitment, Emotional Commitment, Political information work. This will highlight the problem area in commitment exist and take action to resolve these to formulate a best strategy to an organisational success. 3.Greenberg, Jeanne and Michael Liebman. Incentives : The missing link in strategic Performances. Journal of Business Strategy 11,no.4 (July-August 1990) Here the author argues that if the organisation to meet their objectives , it is important to develop incentives strategies to motivate management and further down their employees to centralised and develop a best strategy for organisational growth. 4. Campbell, Andrew and Marcus Alexandar. Whats wrong with Strategy? Insight about value creation rarely emerge from planning processes. Harvard Business Review 75, no.6 (November -December 1997) Here the Author argues that directionless strategies result when strategy fail to distinguish between purpose (Exists to do) and Constraints ( Must to do Survive). Also the assert that is unclear which comes first. According to Campbell and Alexander, the basic ingredient of a good strategy, insight in to how to create value rarely results from planning. 5.Newton, Peggy. Communicating key measures throughout an Organisation. Journal of Strategic Performance Measurement 1, no 1 (February- March 1997) The ability to communicate key measures throughout the organisation. Firstly key business drivers are identified , then goals and measures are linked to them at every stage. Communication revolves around goals with each employees actions linked with company- wide goals. Here control board (CEO) will drive the strategic priorities down through all levels. 6.OBrien, William F. Action-Oriented Strategic Planning: Dynamic Planning for Dynamic Times. Journal of Strategic Performance Measurement 1, no 3 (June- July 1997) Strategic planning is critical component in creating an entitys goals and operation direction. This talks about the senior managers responsibilities and how strategies are created from the upper level management. 3. Research Methodology of Project e g, Qualitative, Quantitative etc The report has aimed to develop a theoretical approach in managing strategic change, which includes strategic planning and managing processes. The design of this study will be aimed to be qualitative-case study by studying historical factors from published data, internally and externally, and comparing them with existing models from leading authors. The aim of this research design will be identify external and internal factors influencing the Partnership trading in the ground of Acquisition. Therefore the research design will be a casual comparative method by studying historical factors from published data (Internal and External) and comparing them to competitors. This research will aim to conducting semi-structures interviews with senior Operation managers and structured interviews with store managers in the same network business. Senior managers: I have made an arrangement (Appointment date and time to be confirmed) with the following senior Managers: Head of franchise Marks Spencer-Arranged by Brenda Moss HR Department, Head of Franchise BP-Arranged by Peter Mendez Retail Territory Manager, Project development Manager BP-Arranged by Jeff Buck Retail Territory Manager, Operation Director BP (Mr. Haward Nunn) -Arranged by Gavin Duncan District Manager and System Development Manager ( Anne Hammnghs) -Arranged by Peter Mendez Retail Territory Manger. They will be interviewed with questions such include the function of their department, their capability to cope with new acquired business, and the direct involvement and their part of play in this journey. Store managers will be asked how acquisition has affected their role in the organisation, How they feel the training, recruitment and development has been affected, negatives and positives of acquisitions, refurbishment programme and its negative or positive effects on store Trading. Also few Suppliers ( Exel DHL Supply Chain, Gist M+S Supply Chain, Cuisine de France) will be interviewed through the retail territory managers Peter Mendezs Approval l (Authorized) to collect their feedback and how this new way of trading effected their capacity and capability. The above facilities and support will be provided (Authorised and the date, Time to be confirmed) due to the fact where I am a part (Employee) of the same organisation. 4. If the research is related to a particular organisation its name and evidence of permission granted for this research to be undertaken In order to support my dissertation I have selected a company named BP and Marks Spencer Partnership. The permission has been granted to access and collect all internal dates, other sensitive document from various departments from Head office in Milton Keynes. Also I have been approved to undertake interviews with the following individuals. -Operational Director (Haward Nunn) Arranged by Gavin Duncan District Manager BP -Head of Franchise Marks and Spencer- Arranged by Brenda Moss HR Department -Head of Franchise BP Arranged by Peter Mendez RTM -Project Development Manager BP Arranged by Jeff Buck RTM -System Development Manager BP Arranged by Peter Mendez RTM -Store Managers Interviews BP Arranged by Peter Mendez RTM -Suppliers: Exe, Gist, Cusine de France Arranged by Peter Mendez RTM -Store Manager Fawzy Kabeer (friend ) 5. Chapter Headings and Subheadings 1. Introduction 1.1 The Bp and Marks Spencer Partnership History Background 2. Literature Review Processes 2.1 Strategic Planning 2.2 Managing Strategy 2.3 Value Principles 2.4 Vision 2.5 Objective 2.6 Strategy formulation 2.6.1 Suitability 2.6.2 Feasibility 2.6.3 Acceptability 2.7 The Partnership Strategy 2.8 Strategic Implementation Control 2.9 Strategic Fit 2.10 Strategic Hierarchy 2.11 Growth Strategy Portfolio Theory 2.12 Mergers Acquisition, Internal Development, Joint Development 2.13 Hard Soft Side of Change Management 2.14 Summary of Objectives 3. Research Methodology for project 3.1 Design of Study 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Data Analysis 3.4 Research Limitation 4. Critical Analysis and Evaluation 4.1 Logical Behind Change 4.2 Dimension of Retail Market Market Revolution 4.3 External Environment 4.4 Internal Environment Benefits 4.4 Managing Strategic Change Effectively 4.5 Type of Change Management 4.6 Gaining Competitive Advantages 4.7 Reason why Strategic Plans Fail 5. Strategies for Strengthening Culture 6. Conclusions and Findings

Externalities of Smoking

In the paper I’m going to discuss the externalities of second-hand smoke. Externalities refer to all costs or benefits of a market activity borne by a third party. It’s also the difference between the social and private costs (benefits) of a market activity. When economic agents are not directly involved, negative externalities can exist, such as pollution. Second-hand smoke is a health hazard at any level (Essentials Of economics, Bradley R. Schiller). It’s to be said that smoking bans are the only way to protect nonsmokers.Although many states and hundreds of cities have passed smoke-free laws, more than 126 million Americans ages 3 and older continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke. Nearly 50,000 nonsmokers die from the secondhand smoke each year. Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work increase their risk of heart disease and cancer. Brief exposure to smoke, damages cells, beginning a process that can lead to cancer, and increase the risk of blood clots (USA today: June 28, 2006).Secondhand smoke kills 46,000 adult nonsmokers from heart disease, 3,000 nonsmokers from lung cancer, and 430 newborns from sudden infant death syndrome. In children it causes 790,000 ear infections, 200,000 episodes of asthma, at least 24,000 low birth weight or preterm deliveries. When non-smokers are exposed to secondhand smoke it’s called involuntary smoking or passive smoking. Regardless if you’re smoking or not, if you’re around someone who is smoking you’re taking in nicotine and other toxic chemicals just like smokers do.The workplace is a major source of secondhand smoke exposure for adults (USA today: June 28, 2006). Secondhand smoke meets the standard to be classified as a potential cancer-causing agent by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cancer. org). Separating smokers from non-smokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating the building cannot prevent exposure if people still smoke inside t he building. Most people can be exposed in public places such as restaurants, shopping centers, public transportation, schools, and daycare centers.Some businesses seem to be afraid to ban smoking, but there is no proof that going smoke-free is bad for business. Public places where children go are a special area of concern (cancer. org). Making your home smoke free is healthier for your family. Secondhand smoke imposes significant costs on nonsmokers and society, according to a recent society of Actuaries study that concluded the annual cost of excess medical care, mortality and morbidity from secondhand smoke exposure in the U. S is approximately $ 10 billion(18 Aug 2005).The study also found that medicals costs for caring for people exposed to secondhand smoke have reached more than $2. 5 billion (medicalnewstoday. com). All the money you spend on cigarettes is just going to the company that makes them. So you’re giving this company all this money to just smoke a cigarette. On average most people pay about close to seven dollars for a box of cigarettes. Not only is this harmful to you, but its as harmful to the people around you. When you smoke in front of someone their inhaling all the chemicals that are carried In that one cigarette.So in conclusion this affects the economy so much, because people who don’t even smoke have to pay for all types of medicals bills. Just from getting secondhand smoke from others. I myself don’t think they should banned smoking. But there should be sections in public places which are meant for smokers. Some people can’t just stop smoking no matter what they do. So at the same time we have to respect their needs. And their needs are nicotine. Sources ?Cancer. org ?Medicalnewstoday. com ?USA today: June 28, 2006 ?Essentials of economics (Bradley R. Schiller)

The Doll s House By Henry Ibsen And The Glass Menagerie

Sujin Oh Prof. JAMES WERNER ENG 102 11-15-2015 Paper 2 According to â€Å"The doll’s house† by Henry Ibsen and the â€Å"Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams, women are portrayed as very resilient characters capable of overcoming adversity, both plays tell strong stories about feminism. Literally, Feminism is the advocacy of women’s right on the ground of social, political and economic equality to men. Henry Ibsen sets up the female main character, Nora, as a wife. However, unlike Henry Ibsen, Tennessee Williams features Tom, a male character as his main character. Yet, Tom’s character serves the purpose of highlighting the life of his mother, Amanda, and his older sister, Laura, as the real lead characters of the story. Although Tennessee Williams and Henry Ibsen are both male writers, they seem to be aware of the social issues about a woman’s suffering for the sake of her family. Both of them express their perception of women by making their female characters appear as the leading character s. All of the female characters that have appeared in both plays have lived under an environment full of repression and dominated by masculinity. Despite the fact that they live in a world of gender inequality they emancipate themselves in their own ways. First of all, looking at â€Å"The doll’s house†. Nora takes it for granted that men are superior to women from the beginning of the story to the middle. She does not even question why and just accepts male superiority as a fact. All over the

The Dna Mystique Looks Into The Power Of The Gene - 918 Words

The DNA Mystique looks into the power of the gene in today’s society. Dorothy Nelkin and Susan Lindee (1995) describe the evolution of the gene as a cultural icon. Society puts a huge emphasis on understanding everyday behavior and the â€Å"secret of life† through genetic essentialism. According to Nelkin and Lindee genetic essentialism â€Å"reduces the self to a molecular entity, equating human beings, in all their social, historical, and moral complexity, with their genes† (p. 337). DNA is used as a way to define the individual’s true self and understand the evolution of a person’s identity. Nelkin and Lindee discuss the intersection of science and popular culture to shape the cultural meaning of the gene (p. 338). They lay out a timeline of genetic mapping and the use of genome research to determine future outcomes. Nelkin and Lindee identify the three themes of understanding the human genome as â€Å"the essence of identity, a promise to enh ance prediction of human behavior and health, and a image of the genome as a way to define natural order† (p. 340). Genetic research has recently started to function as way for people to understand past performance and future potential. The power of the genome is represented by words often used to label it like the Bible, a dictionary, a map, and a blueprint. A lot of research has been done to prove that genetic prediction will help control over behavior and disease. However, there is also the continuing question of the effects of nature andShow MoreRelatedNature vs Nurture2032 Words   |  9 Pagesas identical as once thought, according to a new DNA study. One twin might get cancer while the other is not susceptible, for example. Many identical twins clearly behave differently as they grow older, and some even grow to look less alike. Such differences dont have anything to do with the twins identical DNA, which is like the software of life, but in how genes express themsel ves. The differences stem from chemical modifications in the genes over the years. These effects are the result of